{"id":1511,"date":"2025-02-02T13:43:49","date_gmt":"2025-02-02T13:43:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/endustri40.bktechin.com\/2025\/02\/02\/elektronigin-kalbi-yariiletkenlerin-kesfi-ve-transistorler\/"},"modified":"2025-02-02T13:43:49","modified_gmt":"2025-02-02T13:43:49","slug":"elektronigin-kalbi-yariiletkenlerin-kesfi-ve-transistorler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/endustri40.com\/en\/elektronigin-kalbi-yariiletkenlerin-kesfi-ve-transistorler\/","title":{"rendered":"Elektroni\u011fin Kalbi: Yar\u0131iletkenlerin Ke\u015ffi ve Transist\u00f6rler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color:#A52A2A;\"><span style=\"font-size:22px;\"><strong>Elektroni\u011fin Kalbi: Yar\u0131 \u0130letkenlerin Ke\u015ffi ve Transist&ouml;rler<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><span style=\"font-family:trebuchet ms,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Bug&uuml;n <a href=\"https:\/\/endustri40.com\/en\/rfid-teknolojileri-ve-endustriyel-uygulamalari\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>elektronik<\/strong><\/a> devrelerin yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 say\u0131lan transist&ouml;rlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan &ouml;nce radyo, bilgisayar gibi elektronik <a href=\"https:\/\/endustri40.com\/en\/urun-yasam-dongusu-plm\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>ayg\u0131tlarda<\/strong><\/a> vakum t&uuml;p&uuml; kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Elektrik sinyallerinin y&uuml;kseltimi i&ccedil;in kullan\u0131lan t&uuml;pler, &ccedil;abuk bozuluyor ve \u0131s\u0131n\u0131yordu. D&uuml;nya, kullan\u0131m\u0131 zor ve &ccedil;ok fazla elektrik t&uuml;keten bu t&uuml;plerle bir \u015feyler &uuml;retmeye &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken Bell laboratuvarlar\u0131nda yar\u0131 iletkenlerin, elektron ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kontrol&uuml;nde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. 1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nobel Fizik &ouml;d&uuml;l&uuml;ne lay\u0131k g&ouml;r&uuml;lecek William Shockley, John Bardeen ve Walter Brattain&rsquo;den olu\u015fan ekip ince bir germanyum tabakas\u0131ndan &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fan ilk transist&ouml;r&uuml; 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131. Kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda elektron ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen bir anahtar\u0131 olan transist&ouml;r, ard\u0131ndan gelen entegre devre ke\u015ffiyle birlikte elektroni\u011fin her alan\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnen4.yasaminritmi.com\/image\/84ec932fb1534ecba46617293905a63f\/Moore_5.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Geli\u015ftirilen \u0130lk Transist&ouml;r&uuml; Yans\u0131tan Modelleme<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:22px;\"><span style=\"color:#A52A2A;\"><strong>Gordon Moore Neyi G&ouml;zlemledi?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><span style=\"font-family:trebuchet ms,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Vakum t&uuml;plerinin &ccedil;ok pahal\u0131 ve verimsiz olmas\u0131 problemi, transist&ouml;r ke\u015ffinin &ouml;n&uuml;n&uuml; a&ccedil;m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu ke\u015fifle birlikte h\u0131zla geli\u015fen teknoloji, &uuml;retilen <a href=\"https:\/\/endustri40.com\/en\/lineer-tasima-sistemi-xts-extended-transport-system\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>cihazlar\u0131n<\/strong><\/a> daha k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k olmas\u0131n\u0131 zorluyordu. O d&ouml;nemde ilk entegre devre &uuml;reten firmalardan Fairchild Semiconductor&rsquo;da y&ouml;netici olan Gordon Moore&rsquo;un tarihe ge&ccedil;en tahmini 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda Electronics dergisinde makale olarak yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><span style=\"font-family:trebuchet ms,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Moore&rsquo;un ilk g&ouml;zlemi transist&ouml;r &uuml;retimindeki teknikler geli\u015ftik&ccedil;e ve boyutlar\u0131 k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;ld&uuml;k&ccedil;e d&uuml;\u015fen maliyet &uuml;zerineydi. Entegre devrelerde kullan\u0131lan bile\u015fenlerin birim maliyetlerinin d&uuml;\u015fmesi, elektronik devre eleman\u0131 &uuml;reten sanayi i&ccedil;in itici bir g&uuml;&ccedil; oldu. Moore bu noktada bize, ya\u015fanan h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fmeyi logaritmik grafikle g&ouml;sterdi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnen4.yasaminritmi.com\/image\/ddfde4e8c996418eae0139061c68120a\/moore[1].jpg.gif\" style=\"opacity: 0.9; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify; height: 502px; width: 750px;\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/endustri40.com\/en\/rfid-teknolojileri-ve-endustriyel-uygulamalari\/\" style=\"line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnen4.yasaminritmi.com\/image\/bf57c48e8fc54d3a9ccac1e4e947aaa3\/RFID Teknolojileri ve End\u00fcstriyel Uygulamalar\u0131.jpg\" style=\"opacity: 0.9; height: 100%; width: 100%;\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<span style=\"font-family:trebuchet ms,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Moore en basit anlat\u0131mla, her iki y\u0131lda bir, &ouml;ncekinin iki kat\u0131 daha g&uuml;&ccedil;l&uuml; bir i\u015flemci &uuml;retilece\u011fini &ouml;ne s&uuml;rm&uuml;\u015ft&uuml;r. Bu s&ouml;ylemini, entegre devrelerdeki transist&ouml;r say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ikiye katlanaca\u011f\u0131 tahminine ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. &Ouml;zellikle son y\u0131llarda ge&ccedil;erlili\u011finin yitirilmesi &uuml;zerine yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalar bir yana; bu s&ouml;ylemini hi&ccedil; bir zaman bir kanun olarak g&ouml;rmeyen Moore, 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda verdi\u011fi bir r&ouml;portajda \u015funlar\u0131 ifade eder;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:trebuchet ms,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Transist&ouml;rlerin boyutunun temel engel olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g&ouml;rebiliyoruz, bu durum 2 ya da 3 nesil sonras\u0131nda olacak ancak bunu bug&uuml;nden g&ouml;rmek m&uuml;mk&uuml;n. Bu temel s\u0131n\u0131ra ula\u015fmadan &ouml;nceki 10 &#8211; 20 y\u0131l i&ccedil;inde daha b&uuml;y&uuml;k mikro&ccedil;ipler yap\u0131lacak ve transist&ouml;rlere ayr\u0131lan b&uuml;t&ccedil;e milyarlarca dolar\u0131 bulacak.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family:trebuchet ms,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;\">Motorola&rsquo;n\u0131n 1984&rsquo;te ilk ticari telefon olarak piyasaya s&uuml;rd&uuml;\u011f&uuml; DynaTAC 8000X, 10 in&ccedil; uzunlu\u011funda ve 790 gram a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndayd\u0131. &Uuml;stelik 3.995 dolarl\u0131k fiyat\u0131yla hi&ccedil; de ucuz de\u011fildi. G&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;ze d&ouml;nersek ortalama ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 5 in&ccedil; uzunlu\u011funda ve 200 gramdan daha hafifler. iPhone 6&rsquo;n\u0131n iPhone 1&rsquo;e g&ouml;re 3.5 kat daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve y&uuml;zde 30 daha ucuz hale gelmesinin 7 y\u0131l i&ccedil;inde ger&ccedil;ekle\u015fti\u011fini g&ouml;rebiliriz. Moore yasas\u0131yla do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olan radikal k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;lme ve h\u0131z art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fayan mikroi\u015flemciler, ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar, tabletler, s&uuml;perbilgisayarlar, bankomatlar ve bir &ccedil;ok ki\u015fisel elektronik e\u015fyan\u0131n geli\u015fiminde &ouml;nemli bir etken olmaya devam ediyor.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnen4.yasaminritmi.com\/image\/b25b299f07ed487da761c2480243fd84\/moore_4.jpg\" style=\"opacity: 0.9; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:22px;\"><span style=\"color:#A52A2A;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:trebuchet ms,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Moore Yasas\u0131 Nesnelerin \u0130nternetine &Ouml;nc&uuml;l&uuml;k Edebilir<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><span style=\"font-family:trebuchet ms,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Moore&rsquo;un yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir s\u0131n\u0131r oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatmas\u0131 ve gelinen son nokta bizi ba\u015fka kanunlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirdi. &quot;Fizik Kanunlar\u0131&quot;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><span style=\"font-family:trebuchet ms,helvetica,sans-serif;\">G<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: &quot;trebuchet ms&quot;, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;z&uuml;n &ouml;nemli teorik fizik&ccedil;ilerinden Michio Kaku, fizik kurallar\u0131na dayanarak bilgisayar devriminin ve Moore kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n sonuyla ilgili tahminlerde bulunmakta. Kaku, transist&ouml;r boyutunda atomik &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;ye ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, entegre devrelerde kullan\u0131lan milyonlarca transist&ouml;r&uuml;n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131n fiziksel olarak imkans\u0131z oldu\u011funu i\u015faret ediyor. Yine de Moore kanununun &ccedil;&ouml;k&uuml;\u015f&uuml; o kadar kolay de\u011fil. Yar\u0131m as\u0131rd\u0131r elektronik sekt&ouml;r&uuml;n geli\u015fmesini besleyen ve t&uuml;ketici davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen bu yasan\u0131n yerini alacak teknoloji fizik kurallar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;yor. Transist&ouml;rleri tamamen devreden &ccedil;\u0131karacak radikal bir fikrin ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kma ihtimali bile delice g&ouml;r&uuml;nebilir.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><span style=\"font-family:trebuchet ms,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Moore kanunu 50 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmu\u015fken, yak\u0131n gelece\u011fin ak\u0131ll\u0131 ekosistemi olacak &quot;Nesnelerin \u0130nterneti&quot;ne &ouml;nc&uuml;l&uuml;k m&uuml; yapacak? Her ne kadar transist&ouml;r say\u0131s\u0131ndaki b&uuml;y&uuml;me ile ilgili bir yasa olarak bilinse de IoT destekli a\u011flardaki b&uuml;y&uuml;menin tan\u0131m\u0131 i&ccedil;in de kullan\u0131labilir. Son on y\u0131l i&ccedil;inde b&uuml;y&uuml;yen bulut bili\u015fim, sunucu, veri depolama ve network altyap\u0131s\u0131 i&ccedil;in maliyetleri &ccedil;arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;rd&uuml;. Bununla birlikte 2020 sonunda birbiriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilen 50 milyar cihaz\u0131n &uuml;retece\u011fi b&uuml;y&uuml;k verinin y&ouml;netilmesi ve anlamland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bizi bekliyor.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:16px;\"><span style=\"font-family:trebuchet ms,helvetica,sans-serif;\">Kaynak: Howstuffworks, Intel<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bundan 50 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce Intel\u2019in kurucular\u0131ndan Gorden Moore\u2019un g\u00f6zlemleri, daha sonra ismiyle an\u0131lacak olan kanuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve elektronik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015fimin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biri oldu. Moore kanunu 50 ya\u015f\u0131na girerken, yak\u0131n gelece\u011fin ak\u0131ll\u0131 ekosistemi olacak Nesnelerin \u0130nternetine de \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck yapabilir.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-1511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","pmpro-has-access"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/endustri40.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1511","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/endustri40.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/endustri40.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/endustri40.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/endustri40.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1511"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/endustri40.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1511\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/endustri40.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/endustri40.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/endustri40.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1511"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/endustri40.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}